توضیحات
Melia azedarach, commonly known as the chinaberry tree, pride of India, bead-tree, Cape lilac, syringa berrytree, Persian lilac, Indian lilac, or white cedar, is a species of deciduous tree in the mahogany family, Meliaceae, that is native to Indomalaya and Australasia
The main utility of chinaberry is its timber. This is of medium density, and ranges in colour from light brown to dark red. In appearance it is readily confused with the unrelated Burmese teak (Tectona grandis). Melia azedarach, in keeping with other members of the family Meliaceae, has a timber of high quality, but in comparison to many almost-extinct species of mahogany, it is under-utilised. Seasoning is relatively simple — planks dry without cracking or warping and are resistant to fungal infection
The tough five-grooved seeds were widely used for making rosaries and other products requiring beads; however, the seeds were later replaced by plastics. The cut branches with mature fruit are sold commercially to the florist and landscaping trade particularly as a component for outdoor holiday décor. The fruits may persist for some time prior to shattering off the stem or discoloring, which occurs rapidly after a relatively short time in subfreezing weather
In Kenya the trees have been grown by farmers and used as fodder trees. The leaves can be fed to cattle to improve milk yields and improve farm incomes. The taste of the leaves is not as bitter as that of the leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica)
In Australia, particularly the suburbs of Melbourne, the tree is often used in nature strip plantings by local councils. The councils plant such trees for amenity reasons as well as environmental, social and economic benefits
Leaves have been used as a natural insecticide to keep with stored food, but must not be eaten as they are highly poisonous. Chinaberry fruit was used to prevent insect larvae from growing in the fruit. By placing the berries in, for example, drying apples and keeping the fruit turned in the sun without damaging any of the chinaberry skin, the fruit will dry and will prevent insect larvae in the dried apples
A diluted infusion of leaves and trees has been used in the past to induce uterine relaxation
زیتون تلخ (نام علمی: Melia azedarach) نام یک گونه از خانواده ای با همین نام از راسته افرا سانان است. این گونه بومی کشور چین است . میوه های این درخت تا مدت ها حتی بعد از رسیدن بر روی شاخه ها باقی می‌ماند. میوه ها برای انسان خوراکی نیست ولی برای پرندگان تغذیه ای مناسب در فصل زمستان است . این درخت جنبه تزیینی دارد
این درخت دمای بین منفی ۱۰ درجه تا ۵۰ درجه سلسیوس تحمل می کند. هم اکنون در شهرهای ایران نظیر شیراز ، اصفهان و تهران در فضای سبز و پارکها کاشته شده و مناسب شرایط آب و هوایی ایران است
چوب این درخت نیز مورد استفاده نجاری قرار میگیرد. از برگها دمنوش دارویی و از میوه ها تسبیح درست میشود
زیتون تلخ از طریق بذر و قلمه تکثیر می شود. کشت بذری این گیاه در فصل بهار انجام می شود. بذرهای زیتون تلخ را به مدت 24 تا 48 ساعت در آب ولرم خیس کنید و سپس آن را بکارید. پس از کاشت با لایه نازکی از کود و خاک نرم بذر را بپوشانید و آبیاری کنید طوری که مرطوب بماند.
